The Department of Neurosurgery at Mansoura College of Medicine and the Main University Hospital was established in 1992 as a unit of the Department of General Surgery and was dismissed as an independent department as of 2004.

The department serves a representative of Al-Mansoura University Hospital patients in Dakahlia governorate (more than 6 million people) in addition to large numbers of patients in neighboring provinces (Eastern and Western Provinces, Kafr El Sheikh, Damietta and Port Said)

The Department of Neurosurgery currently includes the number of (50 beds) in the interior of the main hospital in addition to the number (6 beds) in intensive care as well as the number (20 beds) in the internal department of the emergency hospital in addition to the number of (9 beds) intensive care to the total number of beds of the department (85 beds)

Specialized working groups were established in the department as of January 2014 working in the various subspecialties of neurosurgery (in addition to the general specialization in the department) and include both professors, assistant professors and teachers in preparation for the establishment of specialized units in the future is in line with the general trend of encouraging subspecialties and to provide better service to patients and scientific research.

Subspecialties currently include:

1- Spinal surgery, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

2- Pediatric Neurosurgery.

3- Vascular neurosurgery and interventional neurosurgery (catheterization of the blood vessels of the nervous system).

4- Skull base surgery.

5-Surgery of brain tumors.

There is currently a trend in the department to form future subspeciality to include the following sub-disciplines:

1- Injuries to the nervous system.

2- Minimally invasive neurosurgery and spinal cord surgery.

3- Functional and 3D neurosurgery.